Introduction
After gaining independence in 1947, India’s foreign policy underwent significant evolution. From being a newly liberated nation striving for global recognition to becoming a key player in international affairs, Bharatiya foreign policy has seen various phases of development over the decades.

Non-Alignment and Panchsheel Era
India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, played a pivotal role in shaping the country’s foreign policy. Embracing the principles of non-alignment, India sought to maintain neutrality during the Cold War era. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, known as Panchsheel, became the cornerstone of India’s foreign policy approach, emphasizing mutual respect and non-interference in the internal affairs of other nations.

1971 Bangladesh Liberation War
The 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War marked a turning point in India’s foreign policy. By supporting the independence movement in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), India demonstrated its commitment to promoting democracy and human rights in the region. This intervention not only showcased India’s military capabilities but also solidified its position as a regional power.

Nuclear Ambitions and Global Recognition
India’s nuclear ambitions further shaped its foreign policy trajectory. The Pokhran nuclear tests in 1998 brought India into the global spotlight, sparking debates on nuclear proliferation and non-proliferation efforts. Despite facing international sanctions, India’s assertiveness in pursuing its strategic interests highlighted its willingness to challenge the status quo.

Economic Reforms and Global Integration
The liberalization of India’s economy in the early 1990s had far-reaching implications for its foreign policy. Embracing globalization, India sought to strengthen economic ties with various countries through trade agreements and diplomatic engagements. The focus shifted towards economic diplomacy, with an emphasis on attracting foreign investment and fostering technological partnerships.

Strategic Partnerships and Multilateralism
In recent years, India has actively pursued strategic partnerships with key players on the global stage. Strengthening ties with countries like the United States, Japan, and Australia, India has aimed to enhance its geopolitical influence and address regional security challenges. Active participation in multilateral forums such as the United Nations and BRICS reinforces India’s commitment to a rules-based international order.

Regional Dynamics and Neighborhood Policy
India’s foreign policy also reflects its engagement with neighboring countries and regional organizations. Initiatives such as the ‘Neighborhood First’ policy underscore India’s efforts to foster stability and development in South Asia. Balancing between regional cooperation and strategic competition, India navigates complex relationships with countries like China and Pakistan while promoting connectivity and economic growth in the region.

Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy
India’s rich cultural heritage and soft power assets have played a significant role in shaping its foreign policy approach. Through initiatives like the International Day of Yoga and the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), India has projected its cultural influence globally. Cultural diplomacy serves as a tool for enhancing people-to-people ties and promoting a positive image of India on the world stage.

Challenges and Opportunities
Despite its evolution, Bharatiya foreign policy faces various challenges and opportunities in the contemporary geopolitical landscape. From addressing security threats and regional conflicts to harnessing economic potential and promoting environmental sustainability, India’s foreign policy priorities continue to adapt to emerging global trends.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Bharatiya foreign policy has evolved significantly since independence, reflecting India’s aspirations for peace, prosperity, and global cooperation. By navigating a complex international environment and leveraging its diverse strengths, India continues to assert its presence as a responsible global actor, shaping the course of international relations in the 21st century.